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Database & Data Management · head to head

DynamoDB vs Microsoft SQL Server

DynamoDB logo

DynamoDB

Database & Data Management

Fast, flexible NoSQL database service for any scale

From
On request
Rated
-
Full reviewWebsite
Microsoft SQL Server logo

Microsoft SQL Server

Database & Data Management

Enterprise-grade relational database management system

From
Free
Rated
-
Full reviewWebsite

The short version

  • Only Microsoft SQL Server has a free tier, so it costs nothing to try first.
  • Each has a real cost: DynamoDB noSQL-only; does not support complex relational queries or SQL joins; Microsoft SQL Server licensing and on-premises deployment costs are high compared to open-source alternatives, with Enterprise Edition exceeding $60,000 for minimum core requirements
  • They diverge on capability: DynamoDB covers Single-digit Millisecond Latency, Microsoft SQL Server covers T-SQL.

Where they differ

Only the attributes on which DynamoDB and Microsoft SQL Server actually diverge.

Attributes where DynamoDB and Microsoft SQL Server differ
AttributeDynamoDBMicrosoft SQL Server
Starting priceOn requestFree
Pricing modelusage-basedUnknown
Free tierNoYes
PlatformsAWSWindows Server, Linux (RHEL, SUSE, Ubuntu), Docker, Azure
Founded20061989

Identical on both: user rating (Not yet rated), category (Database & Data Management).

What each one covers

Drawn from each product's published feature list. An absence here means we hold no record of it - not that the product lacks it.

Only in DynamoDB

  • Single-digit Millisecond Latency
  • Serverless
  • Auto-scaling
  • Global Tables
  • Point-in-time Recovery
  • Encryption
  • Streams
  • Lambda

Only in Microsoft SQL Server

  • T-SQL
  • ACID Compliance
  • Advanced Security
  • In-memory OLTP
  • Columnstore Indexes
  • Always On Availability
  • Machine Learning Services
  • Azure

What people use each for

The jobs each tool is most often brought in to do.

DynamoDB

  • High-scale, variable-workload applicationsnot Microsoft SQL Server
  • Mobile and IoT device backendsnot Microsoft SQL Server
  • Real-time analytics and dashboardsnot Microsoft SQL Server
  • Multi-region, globally distributed applicationsnot Microsoft SQL Server

Microsoft SQL Server

  • Transaction processingnot DynamoDB
  • Data storagenot DynamoDB
  • Application backendnot DynamoDB
  • Reportingnot DynamoDB
  • Data analyticsnot DynamoDB

Where each one falls short

Documented limitations, not opinions. Every one is a constraint you would hit in normal use.

DynamoDB

  • NoSQL-only; does not support complex relational queries or SQL joins
  • Limited query flexibility; requires thinking in terms of keys and indexes rather than ad-hoc queries

Microsoft SQL Server

  • Licensing and on-premises deployment costs are high compared to open-source alternatives, with Enterprise Edition exceeding $60,000 for minimum core requirements
  • Performance monitoring toolset is insufficient for hybrid cloud environments requiring real-time analytics across multiple deployment types
  • Heavy I/O resource consumption can saturate disk volumes and degrade performance when processing large transaction workloads
  • Always On availability groups with up to 8 secondary replicas are limited to Enterprise edition only; Standard supports only basic availability groups with 2 replicas
  • CPU and memory scaling is capped at 4 sockets or 32 cores on Standard edition, limiting deployments requiring higher compute capacity

Pricing, plan by plan

DynamoDB

On request

No published plan breakdown. See the DynamoDB review.

Microsoft SQL Server

Free
  • ExpressFree
    • 4 cores maximum
    • 1.4 GB memory per instance
    • 50 GB database size limit
  • DeveloperFree
    • All Enterprise features
    • Non-production use only
  • Standard$3945/per 2-core pack
    • 32 core maximum per instance
    • 256 GB buffer pool memory
    • Basic availability groups with 2 replicas
  • Enterprise$15123/per 2-core pack
    • Unlimited scaling
    • Always On with up to 8 secondaries
    • Advanced security and HA features

Which should you pick?

Choose DynamoDB if

  • You need single-digit millisecond latency.
  • You work on AWS.
  • You also want serverless.
DynamoDB review

Choose Microsoft SQL Server if

  • You need t-sql.
  • You want to start without paying.
  • You work on Windows Server, Linux (RHEL, SUSE, Ubuntu), Docker, Azure.
  • You also want acid compliance.
Microsoft SQL Server review

Questions people ask

Is DynamoDB or Microsoft SQL Server better?
Neither clearly leads. DynamoDB starts at On request and Microsoft SQL Server at Free, and user ratings are close enough to be indistinguishable. Choose on capability and platform support.
Which is cheaper, DynamoDB or Microsoft SQL Server?
Microsoft SQL Server has a free tier; the other does not. Paid plans start at On request for DynamoDB and Free for Microsoft SQL Server.
Does DynamoDB or Microsoft SQL Server run on more platforms?
DynamoDB runs on AWS. Microsoft SQL Server runs on Windows Server, Linux (RHEL, SUSE, Ubuntu), Docker, Azure.
Can I use Microsoft SQL Server for free?
Yes. Microsoft SQL Server has a free tier, so you can try it without paying. DynamoDB starts at On request.
What is DynamoDB best used for?
DynamoDB is most often used for high-scale, variable-workload applications, mobile and iot device backends, real-time analytics and dashboards, multi-region, globally distributed applications. Of those, high-scale, variable-workload applications and mobile and iot device backends are not what Microsoft SQL Server is typically brought in for.
What can DynamoDB do that Microsoft SQL Server cannot?
DynamoDB covers Single-digit Millisecond Latency, Serverless, Auto-scaling, Global Tables. Microsoft SQL Server covers T-SQL, ACID Compliance, Advanced Security, In-memory OLTP.

Answered from the vendors’ own pages

Microsoft SQL Server: What is the pricing model for SQL Server?

SQL Server uses core-based licensing with per-2-core pack pricing. Enterprise Edition costs approximately $15,123 per 2-core pack (minimum 8 cores). Standard Edition costs approximately $3,945 per 2-core pack. Developer and Express editions are free. Software Assurance adds 25-35% annually for upgrades and support.

Source
Microsoft SQL Server: Does SQL Server run on Linux?

Yes. SQL Server 2017 and later run on Linux (Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Ubuntu), Docker containers, and Windows with feature parity including Always On availability groups, Active Directory authentication, and encryption.

Source
Microsoft SQL Server: Is there a free edition of SQL Server?

Yes. SQL Server Express is free and includes all functionality of Enterprise edition for development and testing, with limits of 4 cores, 1,410 MB memory per instance, and 50 GB per database. Developer edition is also free for non-production use.

Source
Microsoft SQL Server: Can SQL Server be deployed offline?

Yes. SQL Server can be installed from offline media on machines without internet access. Microsoft provides complete offline installation packages for SQL Server, SSMS, and supporting components, making deployment in isolated or air-gapped environments feasible.

Source
Microsoft SQL Server: What high availability options does SQL Server provide?

SQL Server offers Always On availability groups (Enterprise only), Always On failover cluster instances, database mirroring, log shipping, and for disaster recovery, failover servers in Azure and Accelerated Database Recovery for faster recovery after failures.

Source
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