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Apache Hadoop vs Restate

Apache Hadoop logo

Apache Hadoop

Technology

The original open source framework for distributed storage and batch processing on commodity servers, now largely a legacy platform.

From
Free
Free plan
Yes
Full reviewWebsite
Restate logo

Restate

Developer Tools

Durable execution engine in Rust with a free tier and low-latency workflows

From
Free
Free plan
Yes
Full reviewWebsite

The short version

  • Each has a real cost: Apache Hadoop the free vendor distributions no longer exist: Cloudera's CDH and Hortonworks' HDP have reached end of support and the successor CDP is subscription-only, so running Hadoop without paying now means assembling, testing and security-patching Apache releases yourself.; Restate the runtime is under a Business Source Licence rather than an open source licence, so building a competing managed offering on it is prohibited and some procurement functions will reject it on licence grounds alone.
  • They diverge on capability: Apache Hadoop covers HDFS, Restate covers Durable execution.
  • Prices and features above were last checked on 31 August 2026.

Where they differ

Only the attributes on which Apache Hadoop and Restate actually diverge.

Attributes where Apache Hadoop and Restate differ
AttributeApache HadoopRestate
Pricing modelopen-sourcePer month by durable action count
PlatformsWebLinux, macOS, Web
CategoryTechnologyDeveloper Tools

Identical on both: starting price (Free), free tier (Yes), user rating (Not yet rated).

What each one covers

Drawn from each product's published feature list. An absence here means we hold no record of it - not that the product lacks it.

Only in Apache Hadoop

  • HDFS
  • YARN
  • MapReduce
  • HDFS federation and high availability
  • Kerberos security
  • Rack awareness
  • S3A and object store connectors
  • Ecosystem compatibility

Only in Restate

  • Durable execution
  • Virtual objects
  • Single binary runtime
  • Multi-language SDKs
  • Workflows and sagas
  • Restate Cloud

What people use each for

The jobs each tool is most often brought in to do.

Apache Hadoop

  • Operating an existing multi-petabyte on-premises estate where data residency or egress costs rule out moving to cloud object storagenot Restate
  • Running Spark or Flink under YARN on hardware you already own, using HDFS as the storage layernot Restate
  • Keeping long-lived regulated archives on infrastructure entirely within your own data centres and legal jurisdictionnot Restate
  • Maintaining legacy Hive and MapReduce workloads during a staged migration to a lakehouse or cloud platformnot Restate

Restate

  • Payment or order flows where a crash between two external API calls must not double-charge or lose the ordernot Apache Hadoop
  • AI agent loops that call tools over minutes or hours and must survive a deployment mid-runnot Apache Hadoop
  • Replacing hand-rolled retry, idempotency key and outbox code across a set of microservicesnot Apache Hadoop
  • A small team that wants durable workflows without operating a Temporal cluster and its databasenot Apache Hadoop

Where each one falls short

Documented limitations, not opinions. Every one is a constraint you would hit in normal use.

Apache Hadoop

  • The free vendor distributions no longer exist: Cloudera's CDH and Hortonworks' HDP have reached end of support and the successor CDP is subscription-only, so running Hadoop without paying now means assembling, testing and security-patching Apache releases yourself.
  • HDFS couples storage to compute, so adding capacity means buying whole nodes with CPU and memory you may not need, and the entire industry moved to object storage precisely because it lets the two be bought separately.
  • The NameNode holds all filesystem metadata in memory, so a cluster with tens of millions of small files exhausts heap long before it exhausts disk, and the remedy is a file compaction job that somebody has to write, schedule and own indefinitely.
  • Operating it is a distinct specialism covering Kerberos, YARN queue tuning, JVM garbage collection and the compatibility matrix between Hive, HBase, Ranger, Oozie and the core, and an upgrade touches all of them at once rather than one at a time.
  • MapReduce is maintained for compatibility rather than actively developed, and new work goes to Spark or Flink, so a job written against MapReduce today is written against an API that will not gain anything further.
  • Hiring is against you: the talent pool has moved to cloud data platforms over the past decade, so a Hadoop estate increasingly depends on a small number of individuals, which makes it a succession risk before it is a technical one.

Restate

  • The runtime is under a Business Source Licence rather than an open source licence, so building a competing managed offering on it is prohibited and some procurement functions will reject it on licence grounds alone.
  • Restate Cloud jumps from a free fifty thousand actions straight to 300 US dollars a month for twenty million, so a workload sitting at a few hundred thousand actions pays enterprise-shaped money for hobby-shaped volume.
  • It is a young project against Temporal’s established base, so hiring engineers who already know it is unrealistic and the answer to most questions is in the docs rather than on Stack Overflow.
  • The programming model requires structuring code around durable handlers and virtual objects, which is a genuine rewrite for existing services rather than a library you add.
  • The single-binary simplicity that makes small deployments cheap also means fewer operational knobs at very large scale than a system designed as separable components.

Pricing, plan by plan

Apache Hadoop

Free

No published plan breakdown. See the Apache Hadoop review.

Restate

Free
  • FreeFree
    • Fifty thousand durable actions per month
    • No credit card required
    • Community support
  • Starter$300/month
    • Twenty million actions per month
    • Two hundred actions per second, bursting to one thousand
    • Twenty GB storage
  • Pro$1000/month
    • Fifty million actions per month
    • Five hundred actions per second, bursting to two thousand
    • Fifty GB storage
  • Enterprise$undefined/year
    • Negotiated volume
    • Twenty-four seven P0 support
    • 99.99 per cent SLA

Which should you pick?

Choose Apache Hadoop if

  • You need hdfs.
  • You want to start without paying.
  • You also want yarn.
Apache Hadoop review

Choose Restate if

  • You need durable execution.
  • You want to start without paying.
  • You work on Linux, macOS, Web.
  • You also want virtual objects.
Restate review

Questions people ask

Is Apache Hadoop or Restate better?
Neither clearly leads. Apache Hadoop starts at Free and Restate at Free, and user ratings are close enough to be indistinguishable. Choose on capability and platform support.
Which is cheaper, Apache Hadoop or Restate?
Apache Hadoop starts at Free and Restate at Free.
Does Apache Hadoop or Restate run on more platforms?
Apache Hadoop runs on Web. Restate runs on Linux, macOS, Web.
Can I use Apache Hadoop for free?
Both have a free tier, so you can try either at no cost before committing.
What is Apache Hadoop best used for?
Apache Hadoop is most often used for operating an existing multi-petabyte on-premises estate where data residency or egress costs rule out moving to cloud object storage, running spark or flink under yarn on hardware you already own, using hdfs as the storage layer, keeping long-lived regulated archives on infrastructure entirely within your own data centres and legal jurisdiction, maintaining legacy hive and mapreduce workloads during a staged migration to a lakehouse or cloud platform. Of those, operating an existing multi-petabyte on-premises estate where data residency or egress costs rule out moving to cloud object storage and running spark or flink under yarn on hardware you already own, using hdfs as the storage layer are not what Restate is typically brought in for.
What can Apache Hadoop do that Restate cannot?
Apache Hadoop covers HDFS, YARN, MapReduce, HDFS federation and high availability. Restate covers Durable execution, Virtual objects, Single binary runtime, Multi-language SDKs.

Answered from the vendors’ own pages

Apache Hadoop: Is Hadoop dead?

No, but it is legacy. Large on-premises HDFS estates still run and are still supported, and Spark and Flink still run on YARN. What has ended is Hadoop as a default choice for new platforms, which now start on object storage.

Restate: Is Restate open source?

The SDKs are MIT. The runtime is under a Business Source Licence, which permits self-hosting but not offering it as a competing service.

Apache Hadoop: Can I still get a free packaged distribution?

Not a maintained one. CDH and HDP reached end of support and Cloudera's CDP is a paid subscription. The remaining free route is building and patching Apache releases yourself, which is a real engineering commitment.

Restate: How does it compare with Temporal?

Same problem, different shape: one Rust binary with embedded storage instead of a server plus database plus workers, and lower per-step latency.

Apache Hadoop: Do I need Hadoop to run Spark?

No. Spark runs standalone, on Kubernetes and on managed cloud services, and reads object storage directly. Many Spark deployments include Hadoop client libraries for the filesystem connectors without running a Hadoop cluster at all.

Restate: Is there a free tier?

Yes, fifty thousand durable actions a month on Restate Cloud with no card required.

Apache Hadoop: What replaced HDFS?

Object storage, typically S3 or a compatible system, combined with an open table format such as Apache Iceberg or Delta Lake. Apache Ozone exists as an object store within the Hadoop ecosystem for organisations staying on-premises.

Restate: Which languages are supported?

TypeScript, Java, Kotlin, Go, Python and Rust.

Apache Hadoop: Is it cheaper than the cloud?

It can be at multi-petabyte scale with steady, predictable utilisation, particularly where egress charges would be large. Include the staffing cost honestly, because the specialist operators a Hadoop cluster requires are scarce and therefore expensive.

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